LIBRETTO 531
L-531 Trial Design
LIBRETTO-531: A Phase III superiority trial evaluating Retevmo versus cabozantinib or vandetanib in RET-mutant advanced or metastatic MTC6-8
Trial excluded patients who had presence of other validated oncogenic drivers. Retevmo was dosed at 160 mg BID. Cabozantinib was dosed at 140 mg QD and vandetanib was dosed at 300 mg QD.
PFS
In patients with RET-mutant advanced or metastatic MTC
Retevmo demonstrated superior PFS compared to cabozantinib or vandetanib8,9
Median PFS: Not yet reached (95% CI: NE, NE) with Retevmo (n=193) vs 16.8 months (95% CI: 12.2, 25.1) with cabozantinib or vandetanib (n=98)8,9,‖
PFS was assessed in all randomized patients. Based on an interim analysis with a data cutoff date of May 22, 2023.8,9
Select Important Safety Information
Hepatotoxicity: Serious hepatic adverse reactions occurred in 3% of patients treated with Retevmo. Increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) occurred in 59% of patients, including Grade 3 or 4 events in 11% and increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) occurred in 55% of patients, including Grade 3 or 4 events in 12%. Monitor ALT and AST prior to initiating Retevmo, every 2 weeks during the first 3 months, then monthly thereafter and as clinically indicated. Withhold, reduce dose, or permanently discontinue Retevmo based on the severity.
ORR and DoR
Overall response rate and duration of response for Retevmo vs cabozantinib or vandetanib8,9,¶
- ORR, a secondary endpoint, was defined as CR+PR and was assessed by the IRC according to RECIST v1.1.
- Based on an interim analysis with a data cutoff date of May 22, 2023.8,9
Safety
Safety and tolerability were evaluated for Retevmo in LIBRETTO-5318,10
Select Adverse Events (≥20%) in Patients Treated with Retevmo in LIBRETTO-531
Select Laboratory Abnormalities (≥20%) Worsening from Baseline in Patients Treated with Retevmo in LIBRETTO-531
- 4.7% (n=9) of patients permanently discontinued Retevmo (n=193) due to adverse events. 2.1% (n=4) were considered treatment-related, as assessed by trial investigator. Adverse events resulting in permanent discontinuation in ≥0.5% of patients included multiple organ dysfunction (n=1), edema peripheral (n=1), sudden death (n=1), aspartate aminotransferase increased (n=1), diabetic ketoacidosis (n=1), chronic kidney disease (n=1), retinopathy (n=1), COVID-19 (n=1), and somatic symptom disorder (n=1).
- Serious treatment emergent adverse events occurred in 21.8% (n=42) of patients who received Retevmo, of which 5.2% (n=10) were considered related to study drug. The most frequently reported serious treatment emergent adverse events (in ≥1% of patients) were hypertension (n=2), pneumonia (n=3), pyrexia (n=3), urinary tract infection (n=2), colporrhaphy (n=1), and ovarian cyst (n=1).
- Fatal adverse events occurred in 2.1% (n=4) of patients in the Retevmo arm while on treatment. The causes of death included COVID-19 (n=1), diabetic ketoacidosis (n=1), multiple organ dysfunction (n=1), sudden death (n=1). None of the deaths were considered related to study treatment.
- Dose interruptions and dose reductions due to AEs occurred in 56% (n=108) and 38.9% (n=75) of patients who received Retevmo, respectively. See full Prescribing Information for dose modifications.
- AEs requiring dosage interruption in ≥2% of patients included increased ALT, increased AST, COVID-19, diarrhea, electrocardiogram QT prolongation, hypertension, pyrexia, scheduling conflicts, and other epidemic/pandemic reasons.
- AEs requiring dosage reductions in ≥2% of patients included increased ALT, increased AST, electrocardiogram QT prolongation, fatigue, hypertension, and rash.
- Clinically relevant toxicities included decreased appetite (11.9%), chylothorax (6.7%), hemorrhages (6.7%), interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis (1.0%), and hypersensitivity (0.5%). No reports of hypothyroidism.
- Grade according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) version 5.0
Select Important Safety Information
Severe, life-threatening, and fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis can occur in patients treated with Retevmo. ILD/pneumonitis occurred in 1.8% of patients who received Retevmo, including 0.3% with Grade 3 or 4 events, and 0.3% with fatal reactions. Monitor for pulmonary symptoms indicative of ILD/pneumonitis. Withhold Retevmo and promptly investigate for ILD in any patient who presents with acute or worsening of respiratory symptoms which may be indicative of ILD (e.g., dyspnea, cough, and fever). Withhold, reduce dose, or permanently discontinue Retevmo based on severity of confirmed ILD.
L-001 Efficacy Summary
In patients with RET-mutant advanced or metastatic MTC
Retevmo was granted approval based on LIBRETTO-001, a Phase I/II trial
Major efficacy outcome measures for patients previously treated* with cabozantinib and/or vandetanib (n=55)1:
- ORR = 69% (95% CI: 55, 81)
- Median DoR = Not yet reached (95% CI: 19.1, NE); Median follow-up: 14.1 months2
Efficacy in cabozantinib/vandetanib-naive patients (n=88)1
- Time-to-event endpoints are not interpretable in a single-arm study. The clinical significance of this descriptive analysis is not known.
- ORR was defined as CR + PR and was assessed by IRC according to RECIST v1.1. All results reviewed by an IRC.1
L-001 Trial Design
The phase I/II, multicohort, open-label, single-arm, multicenter LIBRETTO-001 trial included a pooled safety population of 796 patients with locally advanced or metastatic RET fusion-positive NSCLC†, advanced or metastatic RET fusion-positive thyroid cancer (non-MTC)‡, advanced or metastatic RET-mutant MTC, and other cancers, including patients with RET alterations in other tumors§. Major efficacy outcomes were ORR and DoR, and were evaluated in 565 patients. Other efficacy outcomes, evaluated in subsets of patients, included CNS ORR, CNS DoR, PFS, OS, time to response, and best change in tumor size from baseline. In phase II, the dose for Retevmo was 160 mg PO BID.1,3
†Patients with locally advanced or metastatic RET fusion-positive NSCLC who had progressed on platinum-based chemotherapy and those without prior systemic therapy were enrolled in separate cohorts.1
‡Non-MTC by histology included papillary (n=54), poorly differentiated (n=6), anaplastic (n=4), and Hurthle cell (n=1).1
§Other tumors included pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n=11), colorectal cancer (n=10), and salivary cancer (n=4).1
Select Important Safety Information
Hypertension occurred in 41% of patients, including Grade 3 hypertension in 20% and Grade 4 in one (0.1%) patient. Overall, 6.3% had their dose interrupted and 1.3% had their dose reduced for hypertension. Treatment-emergent hypertension was most commonly managed with anti-hypertension medications. Do not initiate Retevmo in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Optimize blood pressure prior to initiating Retevmo. Monitor blood pressure after 1 week, at least monthly thereafter, and as clinically indicated. Initiate or adjust anti-hypertensive therapy as appropriate. Withhold, reduce dose, or permanently discontinue Retevmo based on the severity.
INDICATIONS
Retevmo is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of:
- adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a rearranged during transfection (RET) gene fusion, as detected by an FDA-approved test
- adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) with a RET mutation, as detected by an FDA-approved test, who require systemic therapy*
- adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with advanced or metastatic thyroid cancer with a RET gene fusion, as detected by an FDA-approved test, who require systemic therapy and who are radioactive iodine-refractory (if radioactive iodine is appropriate)
- adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors with a RET gene fusion, as detected by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed on or following prior systemic treatment or who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options*
*These indications are approved under accelerated approval based on overall response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DoR). Continued approval for these indications may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.